Modern psychology relies on both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative approaches, such as experiments and surveys, allow psychologists to measure variables and test hypotheses with statistical precision. Qualitative approaches, including interviews and case studies, provide rich, in-depth insights into subjective experiences and social contexts. Ethical considerations are paramount in psychological research, emphasizing informed consent, confidentiality, and the welfare of participants. This ethical framework ensures that research advances knowledge without causing harm.
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Key concepts in psychology include perception, cognition, emotion, personality, and behavior. Perception refers to how individuals interpret sensory information, shaping their understanding of reality. Cognition encompasses processes like attention, memory, problem-solving, and decision-making. Emotions are complex reactions involving physiological arousal, subjective experience, and behavioral expression, influencing motivation and social interactions. Personality refers to enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make individuals unique. Behavior encompasses observable actions and responses to environmental stimuli, often studied in both naturalistic and experimental settings.
