Spacing and depth are critical when planting seeds or seedlings. Overcrowding can reduce airflow, increase competition for nutrients, and promote disease. Proper spacing ensures each plant receives adequate sunlight, water, and nutrients. Planting depth should follow the recommendations for each species; planting too deep can suffocate seeds, while shallow planting can expose roots and hinder growth.
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Watering techniques greatly influence plant health. Consistent moisture is essential, but overwatering can cause root rot and other problems. Drip irrigation or soaker hoses deliver water directly to the root zone, reducing waste and minimizing leaf wetness, which can promote disease. Mulching further conserves soil moisture and stabilizes temperatures.
Pruning and trimming are important for many plants, including shrubs, fruit trees, and flowering plants. Proper pruning removes dead or diseased branches, improves air circulation, and encourages healthy growth. Training plants using stakes, trellises, or cages supports vertical growth and prevents damage from wind or heavy fruit loads.
